炭塑复合材料制备及其耐磨性能和力学性能的研究
摘 要
传统木塑材料存在着界面结合差，热稳定性能以及力学性能相对较差等因素，这些缺陷都不能满足人们对于高性能材料的需求。本文研究了竹炭和椰壳炭的制备过程，并对80目左右的竹炭和椰壳炭的表面官能团进行了测试，并与其原材料进行了比较。发现竹粉和椰壳粉表面存在大量的醚键和羟基等亲水基团； 竹粉和椰壳粉经过高温热解生成炭粉后，其表面大量亲水基团消失，只存在一些微弱的含氧基团。
同时本研究利用热压机对炭塑复合材料进行热压成型，分别制备了竹炭/HDPE/UHMWPE复合材料，椰壳炭/HDPE/UHMWPE复合材料，并测试耐磨性和力学性能，其结论如下：⑴炭塑材料的制备，炭:UHMWPE:HDPE约为3:2:5可以热压出好的复合材料。⑵炭塑复合材料的磨损率低于木塑复合材料。⑶炭塑复合材料的磨损率随着摩擦距离的增加而逐渐减小。⑷炭塑复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率高于木塑复合材料。
关键词：竹炭；椰壳炭；炭塑复合材料；耐磨性；力学性能
Study on Preparation of Charcoal Reinforced Composites and Their Wear Resistance and Mechanical Properties
ABSTRACT
Traditional wood-plastic materials exist poor interface, heat stability and mechanical properties are relatively poor and other factors, these defects can not meet peoples demand for high-performance materials. In this paper, the preparation process of 80 meshes bamboo charcoal and coconut shell charcoal was studied. The surface functional groups of bamboo charcoal and coconut shell charcoal were tested and compared with their raw materials. It was found that there were a lot of hydrophilic groups such as ether bond and hydroxyl group on the surface of bamboo powder and coconut shell powder. After the pyrolysis of bamboo powder and coconut shell powder, a large number of hydrophilic groups on the surface of bamboo charcoal and coconut shell disappeared, Of the oxygen-containing groups.
At the same time, bamboo charcoal / HDPE / UHMWPE composites, coconut shell carbon / HDPE / UHMWPE composites were prepared by hot pressing on carbonaceous composites. And test wear resistance and mechanical properties, the conclusions are as follows: ⑴ carbon plastic material preparation, carbon: UHMWPE: HDPE about 3: 2: 5 can be hot pressed out of a good composite material. ⑵ carbon-plastic composite material wear rate is lower than the wood-plastic composite materials. (3) The wear rate of the carbon-plastic composite material decreases with the increase of the friction distance. (4) The tensile strength and elongation at break of the carbon-plastic composites are higher than those of the wood-plastic composites.
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