应压木构造特征的研究现状
文献综述
摘要
应力木是指在树木生长过程中，由于受到风、雪及重力等外力作用时,在倾斜树干或枝桠材一侧，即树木生长迅速的一侧形成应力木，在阔叶材中形成应拉木，在针叶材中形成应压木。应力木作为木材的一种重要构造缺陷，严重影响着木材在加工利用方面的应用[1]。应压木较对应木而言，在细胞构造特征方面存在诸多差异。对应压木的解剖构造特征进行相关文献综述发现，应压木管胞端面形态通常呈圆形或椭圆形，与对应木相比，应压木存在胞间隙，其管胞长度、直径均小于对应木，而管胞壁厚度较之对应木明显增厚。应压木与对应木的壁层结构也有较大差异，应压木只存在S1、S2层，缺少S3层，应压木次生壁S1层较厚；次生壁的微纤丝角显著增大。
关键词：应压木 解剖构造特征 文献综述
Abstract
Stress wood refers to that in the process of tree growth, due to the external forces such as wind, snow and gravity, stress wood is formed on the side of inclined trunk or branches, i.e. the side where trees grow rapidly, tension wood is formed in broad-leaved wood and compression wood is formed in coniferous wood. As an important structural defect of wood, stress wood seriously affects the application of wood in processing and utilization. Compared with the corresponding wood, there are many differences in the characteristics of cell structure. According to the related literature review on the anatomical structure characteristics of compressed wood, it is found that the end face of the tracheid of compressed wood is usually round or oval. Compared with the corresponding wood, compressed wood has intercellular space, and its tracheid length and diameter are smaller than that of the corresponding wood, while the thickness of the tracheid wall is significantly thicker than that of the corresponding wood. There are also great differences in the wall structure between the pressed wood and the corresponding wood. There are only S1 and S2 layers in the pressed wood, but there is no S3 layer. The S1 layer of the secondary wall of the pressed wood is thicker, and the microfibril angle of the secondary wall is significantly increased.
Key words: stress wood anatomical structure characteristics literature review
- 引言
应力木(reaction wood)是树木中的非正常木材组织，普遍存在于针、阔叶材中，影响着木材在木工行业的全面开发及综合利用。正常生长的树木，通常干形通直，而应力木的树干多出现倾斜或弯曲。应力木在树木生长过程中，由于受到风、雪及重力等外力作用时,在树木树干或枝桠材一侧，即树木生长迅速的一侧形成应力木，这一部位木材与正常材在构造特征、物理力学性质方面存在诸多差异，在木材加工行业的生产实践中严重影响着木材在加工方面的利用[2]。针叶树中应力木通常发生于弯曲或倾斜茎干的下侧，被称为应压木，而该部位的上侧被称为对应木[3]。在阔叶材中的应力木形成于树干上侧，被称之为应拉木。
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