摘要：抑菌剂是指能抑制微生物生长的物质。抑菌剂可以抑制微生物的生长，阻止微生物滋生过多、危害健康。 多剂量药物即类似滴眼液这样需多次使用的药物，所以在多剂量药物的使用过程中，由于需要较长时间的保存，需要使用抑菌剂来满足对微生物的控制要求。而有研究发现部分药物的抑菌剂抑菌效力会受到多种因素的影响。故本次研究通过查找中国药典中的滴眼液及口服液标准处方，模拟制作出一种滴眼液和口服液，并在滴眼液中选择苯扎氯铵作为抑菌剂，口服液中选择羟苯甲酯及羟苯丙酯作为抑菌剂，并设置不同的PH和金属离子浓度梯度来考察药物中PH和金属离子对抑菌剂的干扰和影响。
关键词：苯扎氯铵；羟苯甲酯；羟苯丙酯；抑菌效力；PH；铁离子
Abstract: Bacteriostatic agents are substances that can inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Bacteriostatic agents can inhibit the growth of microorganisms, prevent excessive growth of microorganisms and endanger health. Multi-dose drugs are drugs that need to be used multiple times, such as eye drops. Therefore, in the process of using multi-dose drugs, due to the need for longer storage, bacteriostatic agents are required to meet the requirements for microbial control. Studies have found that the antibacterial efficacy of some drugs can be affected by many factors. Therefore, in this study, by searching the standard prescriptions of eye drops and oral liquids in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, an eye drops and oral liquid were simulated and made, and benzalkonium chloride was selected as the bacteriostatic agent in the eye drops. Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate and Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate antibacterial effects were selected as bacteriostatic agents, and different pH and metal ion concentration gradients were set to investigate the interference and influence of PH and metal ions in the drug on the bacteriostatic agent.
Keywords: Ammonium benzoate; Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; antibacterial effects; PH; iron ions
1.抑菌剂
抑菌剂是指抑制微生物生长的物质，可以根据化学结构和性质的差异而分为5种类型: 对羟基苯甲酸酯类(羟苯甲酯、羟苯乙酯、羟苯丙酯等)、季铵盐类(苯扎溴铵、苯扎氯铵等)、有机汞类(硫柳汞、醋酸苯汞、硝酸苯汞等)、醇类(三氯叔丁醇、苯甲醇等)、酸及其盐类(山梨酸、醋酸氯已定、硼酸类化合物等)[1]。
羟基苯甲酸酯类，如羟苯乙酯主要作用于细胞膜及竞争辅酶，在酸性环境中作用最好,在微碱性环境中的作用随着pH的增高而减弱[2]。季铵盐类抑菌剂可使菌体蛋白或蛋白质类凝固，阻止细胞的代谢，其抑菌和杀菌机制由下列 3种机制共同组成:(1)能抑制细菌酶的作用，主要对产生能量的酶，如能分解葡萄糖、琥珀酸盐、丙酮酸的相关酶；(2)能使细菌蛋白质变性；(3)增加细胞膜的渗透能力，最后使胞膜破裂[2]。
2.影响因素
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