Gaze and Eye Contact: A Research Review
凝视与目光接触：一个研究综述
克里斯.克蓝克
阿拉斯加大学，安克雷奇
Research on gaze and eye contact was organized within the framework of Pattersons (1982) sequen-tial functional model of nonverbal exchange. Studies were reviewed showing how gaze functions to(a) provide information, (b) regulate interaction, (c) express intimacy, (d) exercise social control,and (e) facilitate service and task goals. Research was also summarized that describes personal,experiential, relational, and situational antecedents of gaze and reactions to gaze. Directions weregiven for a functional analysis of the relation between gaze and physiological responses. Attributiontheories were integrated into the sequential model for making predictions about peoples perceptions of their own gazing behavior and the gazing behavior of others. Data on peoples accuracy in report-ing their own and others gaze were presented and integrated with related findings in attribution research. The sequential model was used to analyze research studies measuring the interaction between gaze and personal and contextual variables. Methodological and measurement issues were discussed and directions were outlined for future research.
在目光和目光接触的研究是在帕特森的组织框架（1982）序列—非言语交流空间的功能模型。研究回顾了如何凝视功能（a）提供资料，（b）规管互动，（c）表达亲密关系，（d）行使社会控制权，及（e）促进服务和任务目标。研究还总结了描述个人，凝视与反应凝视的经验、关系和情境前因。方向给定的凝视和生理反应之间的关系的功能分析。归因理论被集成到连续的模型，用于预测人们的看法，他们自己的凝视行为和其他人的凝视行为。报告中关于人的准确性的数据提出了自己和他人的凝视的见解，并结合相关的结果在归因研究。序列模型被用来分析研究的测量相互作用—个人凝视与语境变量。讨论了方法和测量问题和为今后的研究方向进行了概述。
These lovely lamps, these windows of the soul. (Du Bartas)
The eyes have one language everywhere. (George Herbert)
There are often voice and words in a silent look. (Ovid)
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